The Science of Cutting Weight: How UFC Fighters Do It
Dieting is another paramount and very rigorous process in the preparation of a fighter for the regime of the UFC. This practice entails dropping several kilograms in the shortest time possible to attain the limit of a particular division, and several fighters drop pretensions of weight within the shortest period before the weighing session. It must be noted that weight-cutting is a process that provides fighters with a size and strength advantage that enemies have to face on fight night; however, it is a process that comes with a lot of physical and mental issues. This article looks at the phenomenon of weight cutting in the UFC, the techniques used, the dangers associated with such practices, and ways of achieving the best and most healthy weight loss. Understanding Weight Classes and the Importance of Weight Cutting Divisions of the UFC The UFC is divided into weight classes to avoid a sharp disparity in the physical strength of fighters. Every class has a particular weight allowance that the fighters have to be under, which is normally done a day before a fight in a special weigh-in. The primary weight classes in the UFC are: Flyweight: Up to 125 lbs. Bantamweight: Up to 135 lbs. Featherweight: Up to 145 lbs Lightweight: Up to 155 lbs. Welterweight: Up to 170 lbs. Middleweight: Up to 185 lbs. Light Heavyweight: Up to 205 lbs Heavyweight: Up to 265 lbs. The Benefits of Weight Cutting The most significant factor that makes fighters go for weight loss is to fight in a division below their normal body weight, which in turn presents the fighter with a size and power advantage over the opponent. Weight trimming enables a fighter to step into the ring at the weight of the lower class but gain his normal weight and build up strength by the time of the fight. This practice can mean the fighter comes into the Octagon well over the weight listed on the official weigh-in, in theory giving him an advantage. Understanding the basics of weight-cutting This type of training influences body composition and weight loss. Weight loss mainly entails losing muscle mass as well as fat mass in the body of an athlete who is trimming down for a bout. However, the kind of weight loss that is applied for cutting usually implies the loss of a relatively large amount of water. Understanding body composition is crucial in this process.Understanding body composition is crucial in this process. Fat mass: body fat that involves energy reserves. Lean mass: muscles, bones, organs, and other structural and functional tissues other than fat. Water weight is the substance that is in and between cellular structures. In weight cutting, the fighters are mainly concerned with reducing their weight, and because water is easily lost through methods such as dehydration, it is the most targeted substance to be shed during this process. Nevertheless, this process should be monitored to prevent patients from reaching critical levels of dehydration and related complications. Caloric Deficit and Diet Another element of weight-cutting is the process of the fighter consuming fewer calories than the body requires to sustain a specific weight class. This deficit makes the body use stored energy, which therefore leads to weight loss. Contenders are usually expected to go on very rigid and low-calorie diets during their training camps in order to systematically strip off the fat. These diets are usually characterized by high levels of protein, which are required to build muscles, and low levels of carbohydrates and fats to reduce calorie intake. Methods of Cutting Weight Slow-Weight Training Regime During Camp The process of reducing their weight usually takes place before the week of the fight. The fighters intend to gradually reduce their weight during the training camp; they follow the program of the caloric deficit and the increase in the level of physical activity. Unlike the bulk cycle, this period emphasizes the reduction of fat while at the same time seeking to increase muscle mass through the training and feeding schedule of the individual. Water loading and dehydration One of the most common methods for cutting weight rapidly is water loading, followed by dehydration. Water Loading: They drink up to two gallons of water in the week leading to the weigh-in, especially in the last week. This practice raises the urine volume and decreases the fluid volume in the body. Carbohydrate Restriction: Carbohydrates are restricted due to the fact that they hold water; thus, fighters do not undertake heavy carbohydrate consumption. From the food groups, the major benefit of the low-carb diets is that they reduce water weight. Sodium Restriction: Sodium has the ability to increase water retention in the body. Sodium intake should be reduced so that fighters can easily let go of the water that is retained in their bodies. Dehydration: The last thing any fighter wants is to step on the scales overweight, so in the last one or two days before the weigh-in, fighters drastically reduce the amount of water they consume and employ such techniques as sweating, sauna, hot bathing, and wearing sweatsuits to eliminate as much water from their system as possible. Sweating and heat exposure The fighters utilize the sweating process to help them lose excess water weight in the shortest possible time. Common methods include: Sauna Sessions: When sitting in a sauna, the body heat rises, and the sweat that is produced dries up very fast; thus, a person loses body water at a very fast rate. Hot Baths: Bathing in hot water also has the effect of promoting sweating, thus aiding in the shedding of the water weight. Sweatsuits and Exercise: For light exercises or cardio, put on sweatsuits to ensure that one sweats. Diuretics and other supplements Some fighters may ingest diuretics, which are substances that promote urine production, in order to attempt weight loss. However, it is important to know that diuretics are prohibited by most of the sport associations, including the UFC, because they have health implications and are